Analysis of the cognitive warfare techniques used by Iran International and Axios media against the Islamic Republic of Iran (before, during, and after the 12-day war)

Hajirahimian, Toraj

doi:10.20241403/CRPS.2510.1094.4.7.5

Analysis of the cognitive warfare techniques used by Iran International and Axios media against the Islamic Republic of Iran (before, during, and after the 12-day war)

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Toraj Hajirahimian

Graduated with a Ph.D. in Management from Yazd University, Yazd, Iran

10.20241403/CRPS.2510.1094.4.7.5

Abstract

This study employs qualitative content analysis and framing theory to examine the cognitive warfare techniques used by Iran International and Axios media outlets during the June 2025 conflict between the Zionist regime and Iran, covering the periods before, during, and after the hostilities. Specifically, the research investigates how these two outlets shaped narratives and influenced public perception for their respective target audiences. The findings reveal that Iran International focused on delegitimizing the Iranian government by highlighting internal dissent, economic vulnerabilities, and anti-establishment sentiments, tailoring its narratives for a Persian-speaking audience. In contrast, Axios framed the conflict as a decisive military operation by the regime and a matter of global strategic importance, thereby influencing international perceptions of regional power dynamics and Iran's military capabilities. Despite their differing approaches, both outlets contributed to a persistent narrative of Iran as a problematic actor. This study underscores the pervasive nature of cognitive warfare in modern conflicts and highlights the critical role of media literacy and ethical journalism in navigating complex information environments. Recommendations include developing robust counter-cognitive warfare strategies, supporting independent journalism, enhancing international cooperation on media ethics, and proposing directions for future research on countering cognitive warfare.

Keywords

Cognitive warfare

Iran International

Axios

12-day war

Zionist regime

the Islamic Republic of Iran

20.1001.1.30926459.1404.2.4.5.3

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