https://www.cogrps.ir/ Cognitive Research in Political Studies en daily 1 Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 +0330 Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 +0330 https://www.cogrps.ir/article_246903.html Cognitive warfare is the control of the mental state and behavior of others through the manipulation of environmental stimuli. Unlike physical targets, such as network systems or electronic devices, cognitive warfare is used to manipulate what people believe and thus influence public perceptions. In this regard, the main issue of this article is to survey and examine the tactics used in cognitive warfare against the target community and to examine the consequences and strategies for resisting it. This article, using a qualitative documentary-library method and its content analysis, after reviewing the theoretical literature related to cognitive warfare of the type of "non-movement wars", has concluded that the main tactics of cognitive warfare include propaganda, fabricated narratives, behavioral psychology, the use of personal data, the use of social networks and digital platforms that intensify the effects of this war. In contrast, in order to create cognitive defense, it is necessary to have a deep understanding of the mechanisms of this war and to develop defensive and resistance strategies against it. These requirements for cognitive defense include media education, digital literacy, public awareness campaigns, cognitive policy and regulation, and the need for international cooperation to create societies that are resilient and aware of cognitive manipulation. https://www.cogrps.ir/article_246907.html Cognitive jihad constitutes one of the most significant socio-political concepts articulated in the statements of the Martyred Imam. Given the proliferation of misinformation and cognitive challenges aimed at fostering perceptions of the Islamic Republic's lack of progress, along with the particular emphasis placed on this issue by the Martyred Imam, the underlying intellectual foundation of his discourse has not yet been systematically identified to provide a coherent strategic framework. Accordingly, the central question of this study is: What are the principal dimensions of cognitive jihad based on the foundational principles underpinning the intellectual system of the Martyred Imam? The study is structured through a conceptual analysis and a text-to-text interpretive approach to the statements of Imam Khamenei, while drawing upon the intellectual foundations established by Imam Khomeini. The research hypothesizes that the dimensions of cognitive jihad, as articulated by Imam Khamenei and grounded in Imam Khomeini's theory of Transcendent Education (Tarbiyat-e Muta'aliyah), represent the most effective conceptual framework for understanding this phenomenon. Employing a descriptive-explanatory methodology and relying on documentary and library-based sources, the study demonstrates that attention to these dimensions provides a more comprehensive framework for analyzing cognitive jihad from the perspective of the Martyred Imam and for benefiting from its practical implications. The findings indicate that, within the framework of Transcendent Education, the dimensions of cognitive jihad are realized through the strengthening of reason (ʿaql) among the existential faculties and, from epistemological, ethical, and jurisprudential perspectives, are first cultivated in those responsible for explaining and disseminating knowledge and subsequently in their intended audience. https://www.cogrps.ir/article_246905.html Artificial intelligence (AI), as one of the most transformative technologies of the twenty-first century, has assumed an increasingly significant role in enhancing the quality and effectiveness of international political negotiations through its capacity to analyze large-scale datasets, predict emerging trends, and generate evidence-based recommendations. The central research question of this study examines how the application of AI contributes to improving the effectiveness of international political negotiations and identifies the opportunities and challenges associated with its integration. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach grounded in Complex Systems Theory, this research conceptualizes the negotiation process as a dynamic, multi-actor system characterized by continuous interactions and adaptive behaviors. The study employs a documentary content analysis of authoritative sources published between 2015 and 2025, with the findings subsequently interpreted through SWOT analysis to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, as well as through a futures-oriented scenario planning approach. The results indicate that AI has the potential to enhance the predictability of stakeholders' behavior, improve the coherence of decision-making processes, and increase the speed and responsiveness of negotiations. Nevertheless, technological dependence, inadequacies in existing legal and regulatory frameworks, and the risk of reproducing data-driven biases constitute major challenges to its effective implementation. Based on these findings, the study concludes that the responsible and ethically guided adoption of AI, supported by robust regulatory institutions and internationally recognized standards, can mitigate potential risks while maximizing its strategic benefits in international political negotiations. https://www.cogrps.ir/article_246902.html National security is a multidimensional concept encompassing various political, economic, cultural, social, and military aspects of a country. In the contemporary world, rapid developments in information and communication technologies have created the conditions for the emergence of new forms of threats, among which cognitive warfare represents one of the most prominent. Cognitive warfare is a form of conflict aimed at influencing the cognition, beliefs, values, and emotions of target audiences in order to create divisions, weaken national cohesion, and undermine the collective will of nations. This research article, employing a descriptive-analytical approach and relying on documentary analysis as well as the statements and viewpoints of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran, examines the impact of cognitive warfare on national cohesion and security and explores strategies for countering it. The findings indicate that adversaries utilize various tools and mechanisms to undermine social cohesion, intensify political divisions, distort fundamental values, and promote hopelessness and distrust within society. In response, effective strategies for confronting this emerging form of warfare include Jihad-e Tabyin (explanatory and clarification efforts) as a central strategy, enhancing public awareness, strengthening adherence to the principle of guardianship (Velayat-e Faqih), promoting positive thinking, and relying on domestic capacities. This study emphasizes the central role of cognitive warfare in the adversary’s hybrid warfare strategy and explains the significance of Jihad-e Tabyin as a strategic approach for addressing such threats. Finally, based on the research findings, practical recommendations are proposed to strengthen the foundations of national security against cognitive warfare. https://www.cogrps.ir/article_246904.html Cognitive warfare, as an emerging form of threat in the information age, targets the non-physical foundations of national security by seeking to reshape public perceptions, beliefs, and collective behavior. This study aims to examine the mechanisms through which cognitive warfare influences national cohesion and to explain its implications for the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research adopts a qualitative methodology based on documentary and library sources, including both printed and digital documents. The analytical framework relies on qualitative content analysis to identify and interpret the key dimensions of cognitive warfare, its operational strategies, and its effects on social and governmental institutions. The findings indicate that cognitive warfare, through instruments such as disinformation, the distortion of national identity and historical narratives, and social polarization, directly undermines the fundamental pillars of national cohesion, including public trust, social solidarity, and collective identity. This erosion, in turn, significantly weakens national security across its political, cultural, social, and economic dimensions, resulting in increased instability, identity erosion, and a decline in social capital. The study concludes by proposing a set of strategic countermeasures, including the promotion of media and cognitive literacy, the implementation of Jihad-e Tabyin (clarification and explanatory discourse), the strengthening of governmental institutions, and the adoption of intelligent governance and regulation of cyberspace to enhance societal resilience against cognitive threats. https://www.cogrps.ir/article_246906.html Cognitive warfare, as one of the most complex and emerging forms of conflict in the contemporary world, focuses on controlling and altering the perceptions, beliefs, and cognitive behaviors of adversaries and has gained increasing significance alongside advances in digital and communication technologies. Artificial intelligence (AI), with its unprecedented capabilities in processing massive datasets, analyzing complex behavioral and cognitive patterns, predicting adversarial responses, and automating cognitive and psychological operations, has emerged as a transformative factor in enhancing the capabilities and effectiveness of cognitive warfare. This descriptive-analytical study, based on a comprehensive review of the relevant literature, seeks to answer the question of how AI can be utilized as an effective tool for improving, automating, and increasing the effectiveness of cognitive and psychological operations in cognitive warfare, as well as identifying the ethical, technical, and legal challenges and implications associated with its application. The study hypothesizes that the integration of AI into cognitive warfare enhances the speed and accuracy of decision-making, optimizes resource allocation, reduces human risks, and improves the ability to predict and analyze adversarial behavior. The article examines various applications of AI, including the collection and analysis of cognitive data, adversarial behavior modeling, the generation and dissemination of targeted information campaigns, and support for strategic decision-making processes. Furthermore, it discusses key advantages such as enhanced decision-making speed and precision, the capability to process vast amounts of data, reduced risks and burdens on human personnel, optimized allocation of resources, and continuous learning capabilities of intelligent systems. Alongside these opportunities, the study addresses critical challenges and considerations, including ethical and legal concerns, the potential misuse of AI by malicious actors, limitations regarding algorithmic transparency and explainability, and the unpredictable consequences of self-learning technologies. Ultimately, the research emphasizes the necessity of developing comprehensive legal and ethical frameworks, strengthening human oversight, enhancing transparency and explainability, promoting specialized education and awareness, and expanding international cooperation as essential measures for the responsible and secure management of artificial intelligence in cognitive warfare.