Investigating the future of defense-security environments with regard to the development of cognitive sciences and technologies

Esmaily, Hamid

doi:10.20241403/CRPS.2411.1016.2.4.1

Investigating the future of defense-security environments with regard to the development of cognitive sciences and technologies

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Hamid Esmaily

Research Director of the Cognitive Sciences and Technologies Program Office of the Educational and Research Institute of the Defense Industry of Vedja

10.20241403/CRPS.2411.1016.2.4.1

Abstract

In today's era, rapid developments in science and technology, especially in the field of cognitive science, have had a profound impact on defense and security. This article seeks to answer the basic question, what will the future of defense-security environments be like with regard to the development of cognitive sciences and technologies? The premise of this research is that the development of cognitive sciences and technologies will have tremendous effects on the future of defense-security environments. To examine the issue, this research uses four main approaches: neuroscience approach to examine the impact of neuroscience and related technologies on brain function and human behavior in the field of defense and security, psychological approach to focus on understanding psychological factors on people's performance in situations Nizami, a social cognitive approach to study the mutual influence of humans, technology, and the social environment on decision-making, communication, and behavior in the field of defense and security, and a cognitive-computational approach to use computational models to simulate human cognitive processes and improve the performance of defense systems. Security. The current study is of qualitative type and the focus group method was used to collect data. In this research, thirteen cognitive science experts were invited to participate in the focus group meetings. The collected data were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method. The results of this research show that cognitive sciences and technologies have many potential capabilities to improve the defense and security capabilities of countries. These capabilities can lead to the creation of different scenarios in areas such as improving the performance of soldiers, designing and producing cognitive weapons, dealing with cyber threats and cognitive warfare, and managing huge amounts of data.

Keywords

Cognitive sciences

cognitive technologies

defense and security

future

possible scenarios

20.1001.1.30926459.1404.2.1.1.3

Azdanlu, A. (2015). Perspectives on the psychology of artificial intelligence. National conference of technology in applied engineering of the club of young and elite researchers. [In Persian]

Boyd, D. (2017). It's complicated: The social lives of networked technologies. John Wiley & Sons.

Brundage, M. (2018). The malicious use of artificial intelligence: Forecasting, prevention, and mitigation. Oxford University Press.

Clark, G.R., Halverson, M., Crandall, J. (2017). The Third Offset Strategy: Investing in a new era of American ascendancy. RAND Corporation.

Crosby, M.A., Schulte, R., Burmeister, O.K. (2021). An Introduction to Systems Science Approaches to Cognitive Security. Journal of Cybersecurity, 9(2), 1-26.

Dutton, K.B. (2015). Cognitive security: A new approach to cybersecurity for the 21st century. Springer.

Endsley, M.R., Jones, W.P. (2019). Designing for human-machine teaming: Lessons from empirical research. Proceedings of the IEEE, 107(4), 883-900.

Fallen Hal, M. (2009). Neuropsychology in military forces. Tehran: Future Research Center for Defense Science and Technology- Educational and Research Institute of Defense Industries. [In Persian]

Fredenberg, J., Silverman, G. (2008). Cognitive science: an introduction to the study of the mind. translator: Mohsen Pafid Hal and others, Tehran: Future Research Center for Defense Science and Technology. [In Persian]

Gruzelier, J.H. (2013). Neurofeedback for the enhancement of cognitive performance. In Handbook of clinical neurology (Vol. 111, pp. 633-644). Elsevier.

Hackman, R.J. (1987). Group thinking as an impediment to effective decision making. Journal of Management Science, 33(10), 1263-1290.

Haidt, J. (2008). The righteous mind: Why good people are divided by politics and religion. Vintage Books.

Hallermeier, J., Hone, Y. (2018). Modeling attacker decision-making: Cognitive cybersecurity for preventing cybercrime. ACM Transactions on Financial and Economic Information, 19(3), 1-25.

Hutchins, E. (1995). How a cockpit redefines the pilot. In D. Norman & S. Draper (Eds.), User centered design: New perspectives on human-computer interaction (pp. 151-170). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

McGill, J. (2018). Cognitive science for defense and security. translator: Reza Samimi, Tehran: Future Research Center for Defense Science and Technology. [In Persian]

Kahneman, D. (2019). Thinking, fast and slow, translator] Talosamadi, Forough [, Tehran, in Danesh Bahman. [In Persian]

Kahneman, D., Tversky, A. (2013). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under uncertainty. Routledge.

Kavanagh, D.J., Heasley, B., Woodman, G.F. (2013). Neural correlates of threat detection: A review of recent event-related potential and fMRI research. Journal of Neuroimaging, 23(1), 90-108.

Kania, I. (2019). Mind Over Machine: China's Pursuit of Military Advantage Through Cognitive Science and Biotechnology. Oxford University Press.

James, G. (2014). Neurotechnology in national security and defense. translator: Seyed Ebrahim Seyedzadeh, Tehran: Houshman Tadbir. [In Persian]

Lave, J., Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge University Press.

Matsumoto, D. (2006). Culture and Psychology. Wadsworth Publishing.

O'Neil, C. (2016). Weapons of math destruction: How big data increases inequality and threatens democracy. Penguin Books.

ostrom, N. (2014). Superintelligence: Paths, dangers, strategies. Oxford University Press.

Parasuraman, R., Mouloua, M. (2011). Human-computer interaction and cognitive load: Implications for training and performance in military aviation. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 21(2), 145-164.

Russell, S.J., Norvig, P. (2016). Artificial intelligence: A modern approach. Pearson Education.

Sharkey, N. (2012). Autonomous weapons: An introduction. Routledge.

Shute, V.J. (2011). Learning: Past, present, and future. Cambridge University Press.

Vats, D., Kaushik, P. (2017). Meta-cognitive awareness and personality as predictors of creativity among young adults. Journal of Contemporary Psychological Research, 3(2), 30-40.

Wickens, C.D. (2002). Elementary psychophysics and signal detection. Oxford University Press.

Wolpaw, J.R., Wolpaw, E.W. (2012). Brain-computer interfaces for communication and control. Oxford University Press.