شناخت پژوهی مطالعات سیاسی

شناخت پژوهی مطالعات سیاسی

واکاوی جایگاه هوش مصنوعی در جنگ سرد جدید آمریکا و چین در قرن بیست و یکم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
2 دانشجوی دکتری علوم سیاسی- مسائل ایران، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
3 دانشجوی کارشناسی علوم سیاسی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
چکیده
توسعه اقتصادی، نظامی، علمی و فناوری چین طی چند دهه، این کشور را به یکی از قدرت‌های بزرگ جهانی در کنار آمریکا تبدیل کرده است. اگرچه چینی‌ها در ابتدای توسعه خود به رهبری دنگ شائوپنگ با شعار «پنهان کردن توانایی‌ها و صبر کردن»، تمرکز خود را بر رشد اقتصادی داخلی، جذب سرمایه خارجی و اجتناب از درگیری‌های جهانی برای جلوگیری از جلب‌توجه قدرت‌های غربی، نهادند و «رهبری جهانی چین را به نسل‌های بعدی سپردند». امروزه بعد از دو نسل، رهبری شی‌جین‌پنگ و هم‌زمانی آن با تحولات عرصه فناوری ازجمله هوش مصنوعی و فضای مجازی به همراه جاه‌طلبی‌های او که در پی تحقق «رؤیای چینی» و رهبری جهانی است، سؤالات بسیاری در مورد رهبری چین و آینده رقابت این کشور با آمریکا را مطرح کرده است.از همین رو سؤالات اصلی این تحقیق را می‌توان این‌گونه طرح کرد که اولاً چین از چه ظرفیت‌ها و پتانسیل‌هایی برای به چالش کشیدن هژمونی آمریکا یا همان «نظم آمریکایی» برخوردار است؟ و ثانیاً ورود هوش مصنوعی و فضای مجازی به‌عنوان یک فناوری نوظهور، چه تأثیری بر رقابت آمریکا و چین دارد؟ فرض ما در این پژوهش با تکیه‌بر روش تحقیق کیفی-تحلیلی با اتکا به مطالعه اسنادی، مقایسه‌ای و تحلیل منابع معتبر، این است که چین در ابعاد مختلف اقتصادی، نظامی، فناورانه و علمی، توانسته است به دستاوردهای چشمگیری دست یابد و هژمونی آمریکا را به چالش بکشد. عرصه مبهم و پاشنه آشیل چین در این رقابت، یعنی چالش‌های سیاسی داخلی از یک‌سو و ضعف نظم بین‌الملل لیبرال از سوی دیگر نیز به‌واسطه فضای مجازی و هوش مصنوعی به چین اجازه دهد که برخلاف دیدگاه بسیاری از تحلیلگران، بتواند با مدیریت فضای سیاسی داخلی و به چالش کشیدن نظم لیبرال و اثبات ضعف‌های آن، حتی اگر نتواند جهانی تک‌قطبی به رهبری چین را پایه‌گذاری کند، حداقل بتواند منادی ورود ما به جهانی دوقطبی باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Exploring the place of Artificial Intelligence in the new US-China Cold War in the 21st century

نویسندگان English

Morteza Esmaeili 1
Siroos Bonyadi 2
Baran Negahdari 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
2 Ph D Candidate in Political Science, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
3 BA Student in Political Science, Law and Political Sciences Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده English

Over the past few decades, China’s economic, military, scientific, and technological development has elevated it to one of the world’s major powers alongside the United States. Although, in the early stages of its development under Deng Xiaoping’s leadership, China adopted the slogan of “hiding one’s capabilities and biding one’s time,” focusing on domestic economic growth, attracting foreign investment, and avoiding global conflicts to prevent drawing the attention of Western powers—thus deferring “China’s global leadership to future generations”—today, after two generations, Xi Jinping’s leadership, coinciding with transformations in the technological arena, including artificial intelligence and cyberspace, along with his ambitions to realize the “Chinese Dream” and achieve global leadership, has raised numerous questions about China’s leadership and the future of its competition with the United States. Accordingly, the main questions of this research can be framed as follows: First, what capacities and potentials does China possess to challenge U.S. hegemony, or the so-called “American order”? Second, what impact does the emergence of artificial intelligence and cyberspace as a new technology have on the U.S.-China competition? Our hypothesis in this study, relying on a qualitative-analytical research method based on documentary studies, comparative analysis, and examination of credible sources, is that China has achieved significant accomplishments in various economic, military, technological, and scientific dimensions, enabling it to challenge U.S. hegemony. The ambiguous arena and China’s Achilles’ heel in this competition—namely, internal political challenges on one hand and the weaknesses of the liberal international order on the other—also, through cyberspace and artificial intelligence, allow China, contrary to the views of many analysts, to manage its domestic political space and challenge the liberal order by demonstrating its weaknesses. Even if it cannot establish a unipolar world under Chinese leadership, it can at least herald our entry into a bipolar world.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Capacity
Challenge
Artificial Intelligence
Cold War
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دوره 3، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 9
فصل تابستان
تابستان 1405
صفحه 125-161

  • تاریخ دریافت 08 دی 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 17 مرداد 1405
  • تاریخ پذیرش 17 مرداد 1405