شناخت پژوهی مطالعات سیاسی

شناخت پژوهی مطالعات سیاسی

ادراک تهدید در روابط ایران با کشورهای خلیج‌فارس: تحلیلی بر پایه موازنه تهدید و شناخت شناسی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانش آموخته کارشناس ارشد روابط بین الملل، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران
2 دانشجوی دکتری روابط بین الملل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران شمال، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کشورها در سیاست خارجی خود، نسبت به مناطق مختلف رویکردهایی متنوع و متناسب با ادراک منافع و تهدیدات اتخاذ می‌کنند. جمهوری اسلامی ایران نیز در قبال منطقه راهبردی خلیج‌فارس، سیاست‌هایی متنوع را نسبت به کشورهای مختلف این منطقه در پیش گرفته است. با این حال، این رفتار یکنواخت نبوده و تفاوت‌های معناداری در نگرش ایران نسبت به بازیگران مختلف این منطقه قابل مشاهده است. پرسش اصلی این مقاله آن است که چرا ایران برخی کشورهای خلیج‌فارس را تهدیدی جدی تلقی می‌کند، در حالی که نسبت به برخی دیگر نگرشی همکارانه و غیرخصمانه دارد؟ این مقاله با بهره‌گیری از نظری تلفیقی موازنه تهدید و شناخت‌شناسی و با استفاده از رویکرد توصیفی- تحلیلی، به بررسی چهار مطالعه موردی شامل روابط ایران با عربستان سعودی، امارات متحده عربی، قطر و عمان می‌پردازد. فرضیه پژوهش بر آن است که برداشت ایران از تهدید در منطقه خلیج‌فارس، نه صرفاً بر مبنای قدرت مادی، بلکه بر اساس درک ذهنی از نیات خصمانه، نزدیکی جغرافیایی و رفتار منطقه‌ای کشورها شکل می‌گیرد. یافته‌های مقاله نشان می‌دهد که ایران، عربستان و امارات را به‌واسطه نقش‌آفرینی مداخله‌گرانه و تقابل‌جویانه در تحولات منطقه‌ای، به‌عنوان تهدیداتی جدی درک می‌کند. در مقابل، قطر و عمان با اتخاذ سیاست‌هایی بی‌طرفانه یا چندجانبه‌گرا، در سطح پایین‌تری از تهدید ادراکی ایران قرار دارند. این مقاله در نهایت تأکید می‌کند که ادراک تهدید ایران، متأثر از عناصر ذهنی و بیناذهنی بوده و در صورت اصلاح این برداشت‌ها، امکان گشایش مسیرهایی برای دیپلماسی شناختی در منطقه فراهم خواهد شد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Threat perception in Iran's relations with the Persian Gulf countries: An analysis based on the balance of threat and Epistemology

نویسندگان English

Mari Maleki 1
Majid Farrokhi 2
1 Master of Science in International Relations - University of Mazandaran
2 PhD Student in International Relations/ Azad University, North Tehran Branch
چکیده English

States adopt diverse foreign policy approaches toward different regions, shaped by their perceptions of interests and threats. The Islamic Republic of Iran has likewise pursued various policies toward different countries in the strategically significant Persian Gulf region. However, this behavior has not been uniform, and meaningful differences are observable in Iran’s attitude toward various actors in the region. The central question of this article is: Why does Iran perceive some Gulf states as serious threats, while maintaining a cooperative and non-hostile stance toward others?This article, employing a theoretical framework that integrates the balance of threat theory and constructivist epistemology, and using a descriptive-analytical method, examines four case studies: Iran's relations with Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Oman. The research hypothesis posits that Iran’s perception of threat in the Persian Gulf region is shaped not merely by material power, but by subjective interpretations of hostile intentions, geographic proximity, and regional behavior of other states. The findings reveal that Iran perceives Saudi Arabia and the UAE as serious threats due to their interventionist and confrontational roles in regional developments. In contrast, Qatar and Oman, by adopting neutral or multilateral policies, are perceived by Iran as posing a lower level of threat. Ultimately, the article emphasizes that Iran’s threat perception is influenced by subjective and intersubjective elements, and that revising these perceptions could open pathways for cognitive diplomacy within the region

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Threat balance
cognitive security
Iran
Persian Gulf region

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دوره 2، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 6
فصل پاییز
تابستان 1404
صفحه 119-149

  • تاریخ دریافت 19 خرداد 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 11 مرداد 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 02 شهریور 1404