Bazavluk, S.V., & Kovalev, A.A. (2025). Information warfare in a multipolar world. International Relations, 25(2), 236–250. https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2025-25-2-236-250
Christou, G. (2016). Cybersecurity in the European Union: Resilience and adaptability in governance policy. Palgrave Macmillan.
Craig, A.J.S., & Valeriano, B. (2018). Realism and cyber conflict: Security in the digital age. CyberIR@MIT. https://cyberir.mit.edu/site/realism-and-cyber-conflict-security-digital-age/
Dehghani Firouzabadi, S.J. (2016). General principles of international relations. Tehran: Mokhatab Publications. [In Persian]
Dehshyar, H. (2021). U.S. foreign policy in theory and practice. Tehran: Mizan Publications. [In Persian]
ENISA. (2023). National Cybersecurity Strategies: Mapping and Analysis. European Union Agency for Cybersecurity. Retrieved from https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/national-cybersecurity-strategies
European Commission. (2022). Digital Services Act (DSA) and Digital Markets Act (DMA). Retrieved from https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/digital-services-act-package
Ghaderi Kangavari, R. (2022). America’s hybrid war against the Islamic Republic of Iran through diplomacy and negotiation: From coercive diplomacy to informational deterrence. Strategic American Studies, 2(4), 11–47. [In Persian]
Gouliev, Z. (2025). Propaganda and information dissemination in the Russo-Ukrainian war: Natural language processing of Russian and Western Twitter narratives. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.01807
Ikenberry, G.J., Mastanduno, M., & Wohlforth, W.C. (2009). Unipolarity, state behavior, and systemic consequences. World Politics, 61(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1017/S004388710900001X
Kello, L. (2017). The virtual weapon and international order. Yale University Press.
Libicki, M.C. (2007). Conquest in cyberspace: National security and information warfare. Cambridge University Press.
Mearsheimer, J.J. (2001). The tragedy of great power politics. W.W. Norton & Company. https://samuelbhfaure.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/s2-mearsheimer-2001.pdf
Mejova, H., Capozzi, A., Monti, C., & de Francisci Morales, G. (2023). Narratives of war: Ukrainian memetic warfare on Twitter. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.08363
Muzaffar, M., Yaseen, Z., & Rahim, N. (2017). Changing dynamics of global politics: Transition from unipolar to multipolar world. Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ), 1(1), 49–61. https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/1.1.6
Nordic Council of Ministers. (2021). Digital Literacy for Resilience: Strengthening Societal Resistance to Disinformation. Retrieved from https://www.norden.org/en/publication/digital-literacy-resilience
Nye, J.S. (2011). The future of power. PublicAffairs.
Nye, J.S. (2022). Soft power and information warfare in the digital age. Oxford University Press.
Ottis, R. (2008). Analysis of the 2007 cyber attacks against Estonia from the information warfare perspective. In Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Information Warfare and Security (pp. 163–168). Academic Conferences Limited.
Ottis, R. (2018). From Estonia with love: Developing cyber resilience in small states. Journal of Cyber Policy, 3(1), 100–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/23738871.2018.1436944
Paul, C., & Matthews, M. (2016). The Russian “firehose of falsehood” propaganda model: Why it might work and options to counter it (RAND Perspective). RAND Corporation. https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PE198.html
Paul, C., & Matthews, M. (2016). The Russian “Firehose of Falsehood” Propaganda Model: Why It Might Work and Options to Counter It. RAND Corporation. https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PE198.html
Prysiazhniuk, M., et al. (2025). Strategic narratives and information warfare: Russian FIMI campaigns against Ukraine’s armed forces. Culture. Society. Economy. Politics, 5(1), 88–108. https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/csep-2025-0007
Rahbar, A. (2025). Public diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in facing cognitive warfare: Opportunities and challenges. COGRPS: Journal on Information and Security Studies. https://www.cogrps.ir/article_217214.html [In Persian]
Rahimi, N., & Jones, H. (2025). Cyber warfare: Strategies, impacts, and future directions in the digital battlefield. Journal of Information Security, 16, 252–269. https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=141708
Rezapur, D., & Majidi, A. (2021). Russia’s hybrid warfare against Ukraine with an emphasis on information strategy. Defense Management and Research Journal, 20(91), 69–101. [In Persian]
Rid, T. (2020). Active measures: The secret history of disinformation and political warfare. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Rubin, J. P. (2025). America just surrendered to foreign lies. Washington Post.
Saedi, A. (2015). Site title. Tehran: Arena Publications. [In Persian]
Sharifi, M., & Falahy, A. (2022). The decline of U.S. hegemony and the rise of regional powers in West Asia: New patterns of international agency. Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 8(1), 23–48. [In Persian]
Singer, P.W., & Friedman, A. (2014). Cybersecurity and cyberwar: What everyone needs to know. Oxford University Press.
Tabatabaei, S.M., & Bahrami, Z. (2018). Continuity of transition in the international system. Foreign Policy Quarterly, 32(2), 39–70. [In Persian]
Thomas, T. (2021). Information warfare in the twenty-first century: New threats and responses. Journal of Information Warfare, 20(3), 1–15.
Time. (2024). Inside the White House program to share America’s secrets. Time Magazine. https://time.com/2024/03/15/us-efforts-counter-russian-information-warfare/
Torabi, G., & Taherizadeh, M.N. (2021). Cyber revolution and transformation of information warfare in international relations. Quarterly Journal of Information and Security Studies, 14(2), 45–68. https://doi.org/10.22034/isj.2021.279939.1432 [In Persian]
Valeriano, B., & Maness, R.C. (2015). Cyber war versus cyber realities: Cyber conflict in the international system. Oxford University Press.
Woolley, S.C., & Howard, P.N. (Eds.). (2018). Computational propaganda: Political parties, politicians, and political manipulation on social media. Oxford University Press.
Xu, S. (2020). Cybersecurity dynamics: A foundation for the science of cybersecurity. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.05683
Yousefi, A. (2023). Cognitive security and public education: Tools for countering information threats. Iranian Journal of Security Studies, 16(1), 12–35. [In Persian]
.png)
